Detection of Personal and Family History of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors using Deep Learning and Natural Language Processing: A Multi-Site Study.

Objective: Personal and family history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (PSH and FSH, respectively) are significant risk factors associated with future suicide events. These are often captured in narrative clinical notes in electronic health records (EHRs). Collaboratively, Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM), Northwestern Medicine (NM), and the University of Florida (UF) developed and validated deep learning (DL)-based natural language processing (NLP) tools to detect PSH and FSH from such notes. The tool's performance was further benchmarked against a method relying exclusively on ICD-9/10 diagnosis codes. Materials and Methods: We developed DL-based NLP tools utilizing pre-trained transformer models Bio_ClinicalBERT and GatorTron, and compared them with expert-informed, rule-based methods. The tools were initially developed and validated using manually annotated clinical notes at WCM. Their portability and performance were further evaluated using clinical notes at NM and UF. Results: The DL tools outperformed the rule-based NLP tool in identifying PSH and FHS. For detecting PSH, the rule-based system obtained an F1-score of 0.75 ± 0.07, while the Bio_ClinicalBERT and GatorTron DL tools scored 0.83 ± 0.09 and 0.84 ± 0.07, respectively. For detecting FSH, the rule-based NLP tool's F1-score was 0.69 ± 0.11, compared to 0.89 ± 0.10 for Bio_ClinicalBERT and 0.92 ± 0.07 for GatorTron. For the gold standard corpora across the three sites, only 2.2% (WCM), 9.3% (NM), and 7.8% (UF) of patients reported to have an ICD-9/10 diagnosis code for suicidal thoughts and behaviors prior to the clinical notes report date. The best performing GatorTron DL tool identified 93.0% (WCM), 80.4% (NM), and 89.0% (UF) of patients with documented PSH, and 85.0%(WCM), 89.5%(NM), and 100%(UF) of patients with documented FSH in their notes. Discussion: While PSH and FSH are significant risk factors for future suicide events, little effort has been made previously to identify individuals with these history. To address this, we developed a transformer based DL method and compared with conventional rule-based NLP approach. The varying effectiveness of the rule-based tools across sites suggests a need for improvement in its dictionary-based approach. In contrast, the performances of the DL tools were higher and comparable across sites. Furthermore, DL tools were fine-tuned using only small number of annotated notes at each site, underscores its greater adaptability to local documentation practices and lexical variations. Conclusion: Variations in local documentation practices across health care systems pose challenges to rule-based NLP tools. In contrast, the developed DL tools can effectively extract PSH and FSH information from unstructured clinical notes. These tools will provide clinicians with crucial information for assessing and treating patients at elevated risk for suicide who are rarely been diagnosed.

Differences in Health Professionals' Engagement With Electronic Health Records Based on Inpatient Race and Ethnicity.

Importance: US health professionals devote a large amount of effort to engaging with patients' electronic health records (EHRs) to deliver care. It is unknown whether patients with different racial and ethnic backgrounds receive equal EHR engagement. Objective: To investigate whether there are differences in the level of health professionals' EHR engagement for hospitalized patients according to race or ethnicity during inpatient care. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study analyzed EHR access log data from 2 major medical institutions, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) and Northwestern Medicine (NW Medicine), over a 3-year period from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. The study included all adult patients (aged ≥18 years) who were discharged alive after hospitalization for at least 24 hours. The data were analyzed between August 15, 2022, and March 15, 2023. Exposures: The actions of health professionals in each patient's EHR were based on EHR access log data. Covariates included patients' demographic information, socioeconomic characteristics, and comorbidities. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the quantity of EHR engagement, as defined by the average number of EHR actions performed by health professionals within a patient's EHR per hour during the patient's hospital stay. Proportional odds logistic regression was applied based on outcome quartiles. Results: A total of 243 416 adult patients were included from VUMC (mean [SD] age, 51.7 [19.2] years; 54.9% female and 45.1% male; 14.8% Black, 4.9% Hispanic, 77.7% White, and 2.6% other races and ethnicities) and NW Medicine (mean [SD] age, 52.8 [20.6] years; 65.2% female and 34.8% male; 11.7% Black, 12.1% Hispanic, 69.2% White, and 7.0% other races and ethnicities). When combining Black, Hispanic, or other race and ethnicity patients into 1 group, these patients were significantly less likely to receive a higher amount of EHR engagement compared with White patients (adjusted odds ratios, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.83-0.88; P < .001] for VUMC and 0.90 [95% CI, 0.88-0.92; P < .001] for NW Medicine). However, a reduction in this difference was observed from 2018 to 2020. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study of inpatient EHR engagement, the findings highlight differences in how health professionals distribute their efforts to patients' EHRs, as well as a method to measure these differences. Further investigations are needed to determine whether and how EHR engagement differences are correlated with health care outcomes.

Salidroside Ameliorates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Human Cardiomyocyte Injury by Inhibiting the Circ_0097682/miR-671-5p/USP46 Pathway.

Salidroside shows an inhibitory effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be explored. The present work analyzes the mechanism that drives salidroside to ameliorate I/R-induced human cardiomyocyte injury. Human cardiomyocytes were subjected to I/R treatment to simulate a myocardial infarction cell model. Cell viability, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. RNA expression levels of circ_0097682, miR-671-5p, and F-box and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 46 (USP46) were detected by qRT-PCR. Protein expression was measured by Western blotting assay. The levels of IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNF-α in cell supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Salidroside treatment relieved I/R-induced inhibitory effect on AC16 cell proliferation and promoting effects on cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Salidroside inhibited circ_0097682 expression in I/R-treated AC16 cells. Salidroside-mediated inhibition of I/R-induced cell injury involved the downregulation of circ_0097682 expression. In addition, circ_0097682 bound to miR-671-5p in AC16 cells, and miR-671-5p inhibitors rescued salidroside pretreatment-mediated effects in I/R-treated AC16 cells. Moreover, miR-671-5p targeted USP46 in AC16 cells, and USP46 introduction partially relieved circ_0097682 depletion or salidroside pretreatment-induced effects in I/R-treated AC16 cells. Salidroside ameliorated I/R-induced AC16 cell injury by inhibiting the circ_0097682/miR-671-5p/USP46 pathway.

Bicanalicular-nasal silicone stent for deep canalicular laceration management.

We evaluated the efficacy and clinical outcomes of bicanalicular-nasal silicone stents for deep canalicular lacerations and their anatomical restoration advantages. This retrospective case series study included patients with deep canalicular lacerations who underwent bicanalicular-nasal silicone stent intubation between January 2010 and June 2021 at a Chinese tertiary hospital and two primary hospitals. Intra- and post-operative complications were recorded. Anatomical, functional, and cosmetic outcomes were evaluated as anatomical restoration assessments at the last follow-up. We defined anatomical success as a free passage with no reflux during irrigation. Functional success was evaluated using the Munk epiphora scale and fluorescein dye disappearance test. Cosmetic outcomes were evaluated by examining the eyelid, lacrimal punctum, and medial canthus for any structural abnormalities and recorded objectively using a grading scale. We evaluated 92 eyes of 92 patients (63 men and 29 women); the mean distance from the lateral lacerated end to the punctum was 7.74 mm (range 7-10 mm). Bicanalicular-nasal silicone stents were successfully used in all 92 eyes with no severe intra- or post-operative complications noted. The stent placement duration ranged from 12 to 16 weeks (mean, 13.18 weeks). The follow-up period after stent removal ranged from 3 to 12 months (mean, 6.04 months). The anatomical and functional restoration success rates were 96.74% (89/92) and 100% (92/92), respectively. Satisfactory eyelid position realignment was achieved in all patients. Bicanalicular-nasal silicone stent placement sufficiently relieved orbicularis muscle tension during deep canalicular laceration repair, providing good functional results and excellent cosmetic realignment and anatomical restoration of the eyelid.

Prognostic significance of prognostic nutritional index and systemic immune-inflammation index in patients after curative breast cancer resection: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Nutritional status and inflammation are closely associated with poor outcome in malignant tumors. However, the prognostic impact of postoperative in these variables on breast cancer (BC) remains inconclusive. We aimed to determine whether prognostic nutritional index (PNI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) affect two long-term outcomes among patients after curative resection of BC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 508 patients with BC treated with curative surgery between February 5, 2013 and May 26, 2020. All patients were divided into 3 groups based on tertiles (T1-T3) of PNI, SII, NLR, and PLR. The effects of four indexes on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) have been evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Compared with PNI-lowest cases, patients with highest PNI showed significantly longer DFS (multivariate adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.37, 95% confident interval [CI] 0.19-0.70, P for trend = 0.002), whereas higher PLR seemed to be marginally associated with poorer DFS (P for trend = 0.086 and 0.074, respectively). Subgroup analyses indicate the potential modification effects of family history of BC and radiotherapy on the prognosis value of PNI to DFS in BC patients (P for interaction = 0.004 and 0.025, respectively). In addition, the levels of three inflammatory indices, namely SII, NLR, and PLR might be positively related with increased age at diagnosis (all P for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high PNI was associated with better DFS, supporting its roles as prognostic parameters for patients with BC. The nutritional status and systemic immune may exert great effects on patient prognosis. Further studies are warrant to explore the prognosis value of PLR.

Synaptic plasticity in self-powered artificial striate cortex for binocular orientation selectivity.

Get in-depth understanding of each part of visual pathway yields insights to conquer the challenges that classic computer vision is facing. Here, we first report the bioinspired striate cortex with binocular and orientation selective receptive field based on the crossbar array of self-powered memristors which is solution-processed monolithic all-perovskite system with each cross-point containing one CsFAPbI3 solar cell directly stacking on the CsPbBr2I memristor. The plasticity of self-powered memristor can be modulated by optical stimuli following triplet-STDP rules. Furthermore, plasticity of 3 × 3 flexible crossbar array of self-powered memristors has been successfully modulated based on generalized BCM learning rule for optical-encoded pattern recognition. Finally, we implemented artificial striate cortex with binocularity and orientation selectivity based on two simulated 9 × 9 self-powered memristors networks. The emulation of striate cortex with binocular and orientation selectivity will facilitate the brisk edge and corner detection for machine vision in the future applications.

[Introduction of legislation of disciplinary system for acupuncturists in various states in the United States: taking Ohio and other 11 states as examples].

With 12 representative states such as Ohio and Illinois as examples, the disciplinary system for acupuncturists in the United States is introduced. The disciplinary system mainly covers several aspects such as the subject of the implementation, the types of illegal acts, the form of disciplinary responsibility, and the hearing procedure. The acupuncture industry association has the responsibility of disciplinary action in most states. Corresponding disciplinary measures will be taken depending on the illegal activities of acupuncturists according to the types of illegal practice specified by each state. The hearing procedure provides procedural guarantee for the subsequent rights protection activities of acupuncturists.

Predicting Avoidable Emergency Department Visits Using the NHAMCS Dataset.

Despite the important role avoidable emergency department (ED) visits play in healthcare costs and quality of care, there has been little work in development of predictive models to identify patients likely to present with an avoidable ED visit. We use a conservative definition of 'avoidable' ED visits defined as visits that do not require diagnostic or screening services, procedures, or medications, and were discharged home to classify visits as avoidable. Models trained using data from emergency departments across the US yielded a training AUC of 0.723 and a testing AUC of 0.703. Models trained using the full dataset were tested on demographic groups (race, gender, insurance status), finding comparable performance between white/black patients and male/female with reductions in performance in Hispanic populations and patients with Medicaid. Predictors strongly associated with non-avoidable ED visits included increased age, increasing number of total chronic diseases, and general as well as digestive symptoms. Reasons for visit stated as injuries and psychiatric symptoms influenced the model to predict an avoidable visit.

4Kscore diagnostic value in patients with high-grade prostate cancer using cutoff values of 7.5% to 10%: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Reported 4Kscore thresholds used to differentiate between patients with and without high-grade prostate cancer (CaP) were variable. Patients with 4Kscore results <7.5% have been proven to be at low risk of carrying high-grade CaP. This study employed a meta-analysis approach in order to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the 4Kscore as a means of detecting high-grade CaP in prostate biopsy samples using cutoff values of 7.5% to 10%. METHODS: Relevant studies published as of December 2019 were identified via searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Data pertaining to 4Kscore diagnostic accuracy were then extracted from these studies and utilized for the calculation of pooled sensitivity , specificity , diagnostic odds ratio , and area under the curve values relating to high-grade CaP diagnosis. RESULTS: In total, 9 studies incorporating 1,689 high-grade CaP patients were included in our meta-analysis. Following the exclusion of 1 outlier study, the pooled sensitivity, specificity , diagnostic odds ratio , and area under the curve values for 4Kscore diagnostic accuracy with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.90 (95%CI: 0.86-0.92), 0.44 (95%CI: 0.36-0.52), 7 (95%CI: 5-8), and 0.81 (95%CI: 0.77-0.84), respectively. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that 4Kscore can be used as a model for the diagnosis of high-grade CaP. However, we detected significant heterogeneity among studies that was not explained by subgroup or meta-regression analysis, thus lowering our confidence in these results. It is therefore essential that future large, well-designed studies be conducted so as to confirm whether the 4Kscore can be used with cutoff values of 7.5% to 10% to reliably detect high-grade CaP.

Cullin7 enhances resistance to trastuzumab therapy in Her2 positive breast cancer via degrading IRS-1 and downregulating IGFBP-3 to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Patients with Her2-positive breast cancer exhibit de novo resistance or develop acquired resistance in less than one year after Her2 targeting treatment, but the mechanism is not fully elucidated. Compensatory pathways such as the IGF-1R/IRS-1 pathway, are activated, leading to aberrant enhanced PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activity to attenuate the efficacy of trastuzumab. Cullin7 could participate in the degradation of IRS-1 in a mTOR/S6K dependent manner. Whether Cullin7 participates in trastuzumab resistance needs to be further investigated. Here, we reveals that Cullin7 is overexpressed in trastuzumab-resistant Her2 positive breast cancer cells. Knockdown of Cullin7 reduces degradation of Ser phosphorylation of IRS-1, attenuates activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and partly restores trastuzumab sensitivity in trastuzumab-resistant Her2 positive breast cancer cells. IGFBP-3 expression is decreased in trastuzumab-resistant Her2 positive breast cancer cells, which leads to release of the Wnt signaling pathway inhibition and an increase in Cullin7 expression, as mediated by TCF7L2. Overexpression of Cullin7 in Her2-amplified breast cancer tissues has clinical implications because it positively correlates with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and inadequate response to trastuzumab. Thus, our results suggest a critical role for Cullin7 in response to trastuzumab, which has significant implications for selection of the optimal therapeutic strategy for Her2 positive breast cancers.

rebuff regulates apical luminal matrix to control tube size in Drosophila trachea.

The Drosophila embryonic tracheal network is an excellent model to study tube size. The chitin-based apical luminal matrix and cell polarity are well known to regulate tube size in Drosophila trachea. Defects in luminal matrix and cell polarity lead to tube overexpansion. Here, we address the novel function of the rebuff (reb) gene, which encodes an evolutionarily conserved Smad-like protein. In reb mutants, tracheal tubes are moderately over-elongated. Despite the establishment of normal cell polarity, we observed significantly reduced apical luminal matrix in reb mutants. Among various luminal components, luminal Obstructor-A (ObstA) is drastically reduced. Interestingly, ObstA is localized in vesicle-like structures that are apically concentrated in reb mutants. To investigate the possibility that reb is involved in the endocytosis of ObstA, we analyzed the co-localization of ObstA and endocytic markers in reb mutants. We observed that ObstA is localized in late endosomes and recycling endosomes. This suggests that in reb mutant trachea, endocytosed ObstA is degraded or recycled back to the apical region. However, ObstA vesicles are retained in the apical region and are failed to be secreted to the lumen. Taken together, these results suggest one function of reb is regulating the endocytosis of luminal matrix components.

Tracheal expression of Osiris gene family in Drosophila.

The Drosophila trachea is a premier genetic system to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of tubular organ formation. Development of the trachea consists of the well understood early branch specification and migration processes, and the less clear later branch maturation process including the apical membrane expansion, cytoskeleton rearrangement, luminal matrix clearance, and air-filling. We identified seven members of the Osiris (Osi) gene family with obvious tracheal expression in Drosophila. In addition, HA-tagged Osi proteins are highly concentrated in vesicle-like structures at and near the apical membrane. Osi proteins are predicted to contain endocytic signals and transmembrane domains. The localization of Osi proteins is consistent with these predictions. Interestingly, the Drosophila tracheal tube maturation process also occurs at the apical membrane. Taken together, the localization of Osi proteins suggest that these proteins are likely involved in tube maturation through vesicular trafficking or interacting with other apical membrane proteins.

Clinical observation on Wang Juyi's applied channel theory in treating stroke-sequel patients.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the advantages of acupuncture treatment guided by channel palpation on stroke-sequel patients. METHODS: This research was randomized, traditional acupuncture controlled trial using channel palpation acupuncture to treat stroke-sequel patients. Totally 148 patients who were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. The treatment group, i.e, the channel palpation group was treated with Dr. Wang Juyi's Channel Palpation. Patients in control group received acupuncture according to New Century Acupuncture. Every patient was needled at Renzhong (GV 26), Baihui (GV 20), Neiguan (PC 6), Jiquan (HT 1), Chize (LU 5), Weizhong (BL 40), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36), and each acupuncture treatment was modified according different syndrome differentiations including liver yang rising [Taichong (LR 3), Taixi (KI 3)], wind-phlegm blocking collaterals [Fenglong (ST 40), Hegu (LI 4)], phlegm-heat occupying in the Fu-organs [Quchi (LI 11), Neiting (ST 44), Fenglong (ST 40)], Qi deficiency with blood stasis [Qihai (CV 6), Xuehai (SP 10)], Yin Deficiency with wind [Taixi (KI 3), Fengchi (GB 20)]; for wry mouth, add Jiache (ST 6), Dicang (ST 4); for paralyzed arms, add Jianyu (LI 15), Quchi (LI 11), Shousanli (LI 10) and Hegu (LI 4), for paralyzed legs, add Huantiao (GB 30), Yinlingquan (SP 9) and Fengshi (GB 31). The duration of each treatment was 6 weeks. Then the Fugl-Meyer score, the Stroke Specific Quality of Life scale (SS-QOL), and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were assessed before treatments, after 6 and 12 weeks of treatments to evaluate the acupuncture effect in each group. The data were collected and analyzed after the completion of treatment by SPSS 17 using paired sample t-test. RESULTS: Totally 148 participants were recruited, and 136 eligible patients were included in this study. The results showed that for FMA motor function and Fugl-Meyer balance function and NIHSS, there is no statistic difference between two groups at the baseline period, after 6-week treatment and after 12-week follow-up (P > 0.05); However, for NIHSS and SS-QOL, there is no statistic difference between two groups at the baseline period and 6 weeks after treatment (P > 0.05). However, statistical difference starts to appear after 12-week (P = 0.028, 0.037 < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that as for improving the nerve function and the quality of life, Dr. Wang Juyi's Applied Channel Theory presents a better clinical result.

[Current development of acupuncture-moxibustion in India:a case study of West Bengal].

Acupuncture-moxibustion was introduced to India in mid-20th century and has been legislated in two provinces in India where the registration of acupuncture practitioners is implemented at present. In India, the central government recognizes that acupuncture-moxibustion is an approach of treatment and is permitted by the licensed doctor. Because of the weakness of the basic development of acupuncture-moxibustion in India, the go-vernment put great effort to support and protect their national traditional medicine. Acupuncture-moxibustion development is mainly in the folk and in the progression for the provincial and governmental legislation. In the paper, by taking West Bengal as example, the legislation, clinical application, education and scientific research of acupuncture-moxibustion are analyzed so that an approach is explored for the further development of acupuncture-moxibustion in India.

[Strategy programming for acupuncture development along One-Belt-One-Road countries].

Acupuncture has been applied in 183 countries and regions and gradually become a name card as TCM spreads across the world. The international influence of which plays a significant role in enhancing TCM development. The laws and regulations of TCM acupuncture along One-Belt-One-Road countries were compared and analyzed in this article. With comprehensive research and analysis, the international development strategy of acupuncture was rationally proposed. Combined with the historical background of China's national initiative One-Belt-One-Road, the acupuncture was taken as a breakthrough to lead the global spreading of TCM culture and Chinese herbs, so as to enhance China's soft strength, which could further create a fine cultural environment for the economic prosperity of One-Belt-One-Road countries. In addition, the strategy selection for China regarding TCM acupuncture development along One-Belt-One-Road countries was proposed, and the suggestive solution and implementation strategy for the essential missions and significant issues were provided.

A Review of Recent Advancement in Integrating Omics Data with Literature Mining towards Biomedical Discoveries.

In the past decade, the volume of "omics" data generated by the different high-throughput technologies has expanded exponentially. The managing, storing, and analyzing of this big data have been a great challenge for the researchers, especially when moving towards the goal of generating testable data-driven hypotheses, which has been the promise of the high-throughput experimental techniques. Different bioinformatics approaches have been developed to streamline the downstream analyzes by providing independent information to interpret and provide biological inference. Text mining (also known as literature mining) is one of the commonly used approaches for automated generation of biological knowledge from the huge number of published articles. In this review paper, we discuss the recent advancement in approaches that integrate results from omics data and information generated from text mining approaches to uncover novel biomedical information.

[Development of acupuncture in Israel].

By collecting and analyzing information regarding the history development, current situation, legislation, health insurance, education and academic organizations of acupuncture in Israel, the development characteristics of acupuncture in Israel were summarized. The overall traditional medicine developed well in Israel, yet acupuncture have only appeared in Israel for 18 years. The proposal of Israeli Acupuncture Legislation Act improved the development of health insurance, education and public awareness of acupuncture in Israel. However, improvement in areas of education, legislation and health insurance are still in need. Suggestions are proposed to improve the education quality, acupuncture legislation, international cooperation, volunteer activities and cultural exchanges. In addition, the legislative process of acupuncture in the countries of "the Belt and Road", especially the Middle East countries, are promoted.

[Present situation and development of acupuncture and moxibustion in Turkey].

The development and status of acupuncture-moxibustion in Turkey in the fields of education, legal establishment, treatment, etc. are introduced. There are four distinguished features of acupuncture-moxibustion development in Turkey: (1) The geographical position of the country as the link of Europe and Asia, has resulted in the special feature of acupuncture-moxibustion transmission and development. It combines both the traditional theories from the East and the modified and modern techniques from the West. (2) The combination of theories and clinical practice started when acupuncture-moxibustion was first introduced. (3) The application of acupuncture-moxibustion has gone through a process from spontaneous transmission among the people to legalization by the government, from disorderly to orderly, and from market behavior to government-lead regulation, which has powerfully promoted healthy development of the medicine. (4) Acupuncture-moxibustion education provided by registered universities has guaranteed the quality of the education itself and the competency of the professionals. It has raised the scientific and normative character of application and increased the credibility of the people, and also has ensured the sustainability of acupuncture-moxibustion development by providing qualified professionals.

[History and current status of acupuncture-moxibustion in Russia and former Soviet Union].

A brief history and new developments of acupuncture moxibustion in the former Soviet Union is provided in this paper, as well as in Russia. Science of acupuncture-moxibustion was introduced into Russia after the 10th Century. After the foundation of People's Republic of China, acupuncture-moxibustion therapy has drawn widespread attention in the former Soviet Union and Russia since the 1950s. Notably, acupuncture moxibustion therapy was legalized and popularized in mid 1950s in the Soviet Union, which was gradually accepted as a part of the country's medical system. In the latest 20 years, Federal health departments have paid attention to acupuncture-moxibustion therapy and issued laws and regulations on acupuncture reflexotherapy. The number of books and journals about acupuncture-moxibustion has been increasing; clinical application of acupuncture-moxibustion has been spreading and is welcomed by people. Academic exchanges between China and Russia are more frequent, which promoted the development of science of acupuncture-moxibustion in Russia.